Preventive Medicine and Health

Comparative epizootological monitoring of ticks for the presence of CCHF virus antigen in the Andijan region in 2022 and 2024

2025-11-25T11:07:58+08:00

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) remains one of the most significant natural focal infections in Central Asia, where climatic dynamics, landscape transformations, and the increasing abundance of ixodid ticks create new epidemiological risks. Andijan Region of Uzbekistan is traditionally considered an area with stable circulation of arboviruses, highlighting the necessity of continuous vector surveillance. This study presents a comparative analysis of CCHF virus activity in 2022 and 2024 based on field tick collections and ELISA diagnostics.

In 2024, a total of 163 pools comprising 1005 ticks were examined, and two samples tested positive for CCHF virus. In comparison, 451 ticks were studied in 2022, with five pools testing positive, indicating higher viral circulation intensity during that period. Despite the larger number of ticks collected in 2024, the proportion of positive pools was lower, likely reflecting natural inter-annual variability in viral activity. These fluctuations may be influenced by seasonal temperature patterns, shifts in biocenotic relationships, tick community structure, and the immune status of livestock—the primary hosts.

The results underscore the need for long-term epizootological surveillance to identify cyclic patterns of virus circulation and to forecast epidemiological threats. A comprehensive approach integrating vector monitoring, laboratory diagnostics, and environmental factor analysis remains essential for improving prevention and control measures for CCHF in the region.

The role of liver fibrosis in the development of psychofunctional disorders in patients with CHF

2025-11-27T05:59:35+08:00

Purpose of the study: To assess the influence of liver fibrosis severity, determined by transient elastography, on the psychofunctional characteristics of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).

Material and methods: The study included 130 patients with clinically confirmed CHF (NYHA class II-IV, stable course, age 45-75 years) with signs of liver congestion. Decompensated conditions, cirrhosis, alcoholic hepatitis, oncological pathology, and pronounced cognitive impairments were excluded. All patients were divided into four groups according to liver stiffness: <7.0; 7.0-9.5; 9.5-12.5; >12.5 kPa. Quality of life was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire, anxiety and depression levels were assessed using the HADS scale, and physical activity was assessed using the PASE scale. Statistical analysis: ANOVA, Spearman correlation; critical significance level p<0.05.

Results: Increased liver fibrosis was statistically associated with a significant decrease in all quality of life indicators (in all eight SF-36 domains), an increase in anxiety scores (HADS-A) and depression scores (HADS-D), and a decrease in physical activity scores (PASE) (p<0.05 in all cases). For example, the average PF score (physical functioning) decreased from 66.2±8.7 (<7.0 kPa) to 46.5±8.4 (>12.5 kPa), and the average PASE index decreased from 123±18.5 to 87±13.5 points.

Conclusions: Liver fibrosis serves as a significant predictor of psychofunctional state deterioration in patients with CHF. Progressive liver stiffness is associated with deterioration of general well-being, decreased physical activity, and increased anxiety-depressive symptoms. Non-invasive assessment of fibrosis severity (elastography) can be used as an additional tool for risk stratification and optimization of CHF therapy.

Tactical approach for managing large intestinal obstruction of neoplastic origin

2025-11-27T18:58:23+08:00

This article summarizes the results of surgical treatment of 182 patients aged 18 to 80 with acute intestinal obstruction caused by colon tumors. It has been established that performing radical primary surgery for obstructive obstruction provides the greatest advantage, as it simultaneously eliminates the complication and removes the primary tumor focus - the source of intoxication and metastasis. In cases of right-sided tumor localization, hemicolectomy with ileotransverse anastomosis is justified; in cases of left-sided tumor localization, intestinal resection with anastomosis formation is recommended when there are minimal wall changes, or resection with Hartmann's procedure in cases of severe obstruction. Decompression and drainage interventions are indicated when the patient's condition is severe, with pronounced intoxication, if the tumor is unresectable, or if the tumor process is generalized. The obtained data confirm the need for an individualized choice of surgical tactics, taking into account the stage of obstruction, the extent of the tumor, and the patient's general condition.

The impact of Candida infection on the course of diarrheal diseases in young children

2025-12-03T13:04:22+08:00

Clinical and bacteriological studies were conducted in children aged 6 months to 3 years who were hospitalized with diarrhea of unknown etiology. An aggravating factor in the growth of fungi of the genus Candida is often the irrational use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. The association of fungi of the genus Candida with acute diarrhea contributes to prolonged intoxication, persistent intestinal dysfunction, and a longer recovery time.

Modern concepts of the pathogenesis of tic disorders in children

2025-11-27T17:51:41+08:00

Modern concepts of the pathogenesis of tic hyperkinesis in children are examined. It has been established that the development of this disorder is associated with hereditary predisposition, impaired immune regulation, and immaturity of neural networks. Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, have been found, which may increase the vulnerability of developing neural structures. Changes in white matter and inconsistency of cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical connections, which reduce the effectiveness of motor control, are characterized. It has been determined that the imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory processes and disturbances in cortical rhythm contribute to the formation of tic manifestations. The influence of these factors on the severity and variability of clinical symptoms was evaluated. It has been shown that tic hyperkinesis is multifactorial in nature, which requires a comprehensive approach to understanding its origin and course features.

Mechanisms of IgA Elevation in Food Allergy

2025-11-27T18:14:13+08:00

This article examines the principal mechanisms that underlie increased IgA production in food allergy. It describes excessive B-cell activation, class-switch recombination favoring IgA synthesis, and the modulatory influence of T helper cytokines. The roles of IL-4 and IL-10 in amplifying the humoral response and the critical function of TGF-β in the development of mature IgA-producing cells are highlighted. The review also shows that microbial metabolites and the integrity of the intestinal mucosa substantially influence IgA production. Elevated IgA levels in food allergy are interpreted as an immune response aimed at limiting antigen penetration and restoring mucosal immune homeostasis.

Characteristics of clinical, immunological, and radiological methods for diagnosing ovarian tumors

2025-12-01T05:31:07+08:00

This article reviews current clinical, immunological, and radiological approaches to the diagnosis of ovarian tumors in light of recent advances in gynecologic oncology. It emphasises the importance of early detection, noting that early-stage disease is often asymptomatic and therefore difficult to identify. The paper analyses key clinical signs and prognostic indices, and discusses laboratory markers such as CA-125 and HE4 that assist differentiation of benign and malignant adnexal masses. A dedicated section summarises radiological methods—transvaginal ultrasound with Doppler, contrast-enhanced MRI, CT, and PET-CT—and their roles in defining tumour location, morphology, vascularity, and extent.

The Role of Menopause in the Development of Autoimmune Thyroiditis (Hashimoto's Disease): A Review of Current Scientific Evidence

2025-12-01T05:33:06+08:00

Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), or Hashimoto’s disease, is the most common form of autoimmune thyroid disorder leading to hypothyroidism. Menopause—a period of profound hormonal reorganisation—is associated with an increased risk of developing and progressing AIT in women. In peri- and postmenopausal periods, the risk of AIT manifestation rises roughly two- to fourfold, primarily due to shifts in immune balance: reduced regulatory T-cell numbers and enhanced autoantigen presentation against the background of declining estrogen and progesterone. Clinically, this may present as worsening climacteric symptoms, accelerated metabolic disturbance, and heightened cardiovascular risk. This review examines the interactions between sex steroids and the immune system, summarises relevant epidemiological evidence, outlines principal clinical features, and discusses practical screening recommendations. The paper concludes by calling for further prospective research to clarify causal pathways and to delineate optimal screening and management strategies in peri- and postmenopausal populations.

Clinical and functional assessment of adaptation to removable partial dentures in patients after bariatric surgery

2025-12-01T13:35:44+08:00

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of the denture-bearing mucosa and adaptation processes in patients with partial secondary edentulism who had undergone bariatric surgery, as well as to assess the impact of specialized dental management on the course of the adaptation period.

The results demonstrated that patients with a bariatric history initially presented with pronounced mucosal hyperemia, reduced epithelial resilience, multiple pressure zones, and increased pain sensitivity. By the 12-month follow-up, the group receiving specialized management showed almost complete restoration of the oral mucosa and a high level of adaptation (8.0±0.9 points), whereas the conventional treatment group retained signs of chronic overload and lower adaptation scores (6.0±1.1). Improvement in the denture-bearing area in Group I was accompanied by restoration of microcirculation, a reduction in traumatic episodes, and a decreased need for denture base adjustments.

These findings demonstrate the clinical advantage of a specialized orthopedic approach, incorporating functional denture base optimization and xerostomia-control protocols, which collectively ensure a more favorable adaptation period and improved prosthetic stability in post-bariatric patients.

The role of genetic polymorphisms in the development of arterial hypertension in type 2 diabetes (on the example of ACE, AGT, ADRB2 genes)

2025-12-03T03:36:19+08:00

This article examines the role of genetic polymorphisms in the development of arterial hypertension among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, focusing on ACE (I/D), AGT (M235T), and ADRB2 (Arg16Gly) gene variants. The study highlights the hereditary features of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), the impact of genetic markers on individual risk profiles, population-specific variations, and pharmacogenetic approaches. The association between genotyping results and clinical parameters blood pressure indicators, glycemic control, and lipid profile is evaluated. The findings provide substantial scientific and practical value for predicting hypertension in type 2 diabetes and designing personalized therapeutic strategies.

Prevalence of thyroid cancer in relation to its characteristics and treatment methods

2025-12-03T10:24:11+08:00

The article presents an analysis of complications arising from surgical treatment of thyroid cancer (TC), depending on the histological type of the malignant tumor, the stage of disease progression, the patients’ age and sex. It also examines the most common postoperative complications and the development of metastases associated with this pathology. A total of 200 patients aged 17 to 81 years (162 women and 38 men) were treated at the Andijan Branch of the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Center of Oncology and Radiology. The patients were classified according to cancer type (histological verification). In total, 200 surgical procedures were performed: 112 thyroidectomies, 32 subtotal resections, and 56 hemithyroidectomies. All patients underwent central neck dissection. The effectiveness of treatment correlated with the disease stage, tumor type, patient age, and the presence of metastases. Given the aggressiveness of certain forms of the disease, treatment should begin as early as possible.

Pathophysiological changes in the blood of patients with vascular dementia

2025-12-03T10:26:18+08:00

Vascular dementia encompasses a set of clinical-pathomorphological and clinical-pathogenetic syndromes, characterized by the interrelation between cerebrovascular disorders and cognitive impairments. This study aimed to investigate pathophysiological blood changes in individuals with vascular dementia, specifically alterations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the blood serum of patients with cortical and subcortical forms of vascular dementia. BDNF plays a crucial role in ontogenesis and is one of the central components in adult brain functioning. It contributes to neuronal viability and metabolism, neurogenesis, modulation of dendritic branching and morphology, and provides a protective effect against neuronal degeneration and inflammation, helping to prevent neuronal apoptosis. The article discusses the potential use of BDNF as an immunobiochemical marker for diagnosing vascular dementia.