Экологические факторы поражающие нервную систему при ВИЧ инфекции

  • Научно-исследовательский институт вирусологии, Ташкент, Узбекистан
  • Научно-исследовательский институт вирусологии, Ташкент, Узбекистан

DOI

https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3663-vol2-iss1-pp35-51

Ключевые слова

ВИЧ / оппортунистическая инфекция / герпесвирус / токсоплазмоз / криптококкоз / первичная лимфома ЦНС

Аннотация

Несмотря на 40-летнюю историю, ВИЧ по-прежнему остается серьезной проблемой общественного здравоохранения глобального масштаба. К настоящему моменту эффективного этиотропного лечения от ВИЧ-инфекции нет. При этом заболевание унесло жизни, примерно 40,1 миллиона человек с начала эпидемии. По статистике ВОЗ, конца 2021, в мире с ВИЧ инфекцией живут около 38,4 миллиона человек, 650 000 из которых умерли от причин, связанных с ВИЧ, и 1,5 миллиона человек заразились ВИЧ.

Разработка новых терапевтических агентов и методов лечения привели к тому, что данное хроническое заболевание стало управляемым. Однако, данное достижение невозможно назвать утешающим, из-за наличия множества непредвиденных обстоятельств, которые развиваются даже при хорошей приверженности к лечению. Одним из таких важных и угрожающих жизни клинических состояний является поражение нервной системы. Неврологические расстройства, связанные с ВИЧ-1, поражают от 40% до 70% инфицированных людей. Они поражают центральную нервную систему (ЦНС) и периферическую нервную систему (ПНС) в любой момент течения инфекции (3), хотя большинство неврологических нарушений становятся очевидными при выраженной иммуносупрессии в фазе СПИДа. Существует две основные группы неврологических расстройств, возникающих в связи с инфекцией ВИЧ-1. Одна группа — оппортунистические инфекции ЦНС и ПНС, возникающие как последствия иммуносупрессии, вызванной ВИЧ, другая группа включает первичные неврологические синдромы, вызванные самим вирусом ВИЧ, включая нейрокогнитивные расстройства и периферические невропатии. Оппортунистические инфекции ЦНС, встречающие при ВИЧ- инфекции являются предметом настоящего обзора и представляют собой описание влияния этих инфекций на ЦНС, способы их диагностики и лечения.

Ключевые слова: ВИЧ, оппортунистическая инфекция, герпесвирус, токсоплазмоз, криптококкоз, первичная лимфома ЦНС.

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Как цитировать

Касимова , Р. и Марданова , Х. 2023. Экологические факторы поражающие нервную систему при ВИЧ инфекции. Профилактическая медицина и здоровье. 2, 1 (фев. 2023), 35–51. DOI:https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3663-vol2-iss1-pp35-51.

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Медико-социальные аспекты формирования здоровья