Society and Innovation

Methodological approaches to teaching Uzbek as a foreign language at the initial stage

Gulshan Asilova — 2025-12-05

It is well known that there are a number of issues related to educational resources and teaching methods in the instruction of the Uzbek language in primary schools with Russian and English as the languages of instruction. These issues include, in particular, difficulties in developing productive types of speech activity and pronunciation problems that arise during the formation of phonetic skills among young learners. Alongside the development of correct pronunciation and the acquisition of speech norms, lexical material appropriate to this stage of learning is introduced, which requires a specific methodological approach. The formation of phonetic and lexical skills separately at this stage has a direct impact on the development of speaking abilities. The aim of the present study is to identify effective methods for improving pronunciation and expanding the active vocabulary of primary school students in order to enhance their speaking skills at the initial stage of learning Uzbek as a foreign language.

Effective methods of assessment and control of knowledge of medical students

Leyla Khakimova — 2025-12-05

This article examines the impact of various assessment methods and forms of knowledge and skills control among medical students. Knowledge assessment is not merely an evaluation of what a student has learned; it also represents an essential component of the learning process. A well-designed system of assessment and knowledge control not only allows educators to assign an accurate grade, but also helps identify strengths and weaknesses in the learning outcomes of both students and instructors. It contributes to structuring knowledge and skills, motivating further learning, and encouraging students to engage in extensive independent study and active participation in the educational process. Practical experience demonstrates that relying on a single assessment method is ineffective, as no single approach can provide a comprehensive evaluation of medical students’ competencies across different areas. Each individual method possesses inherent advantages and limitations. To mitigate these limitations, it is necessary to use multiple types of assessment for evaluating students’ knowledge and skills. Only through such a combined approach can the reliability of knowledge control and the overall effectiveness of the training process be ensured.

Experimental hypokinesia model and the effect of gamma (γ) radiation on liver functional parameters in rats

Zukhra Dumaeva — 2025-12-05

Hypokinesia can occur in the human body due to nervous system disorders (Parkinson's, Alzheimer's), as well as in professional activities associated with a sedentary lifestyle (programmers, operators, accountants, etc.). Based on this, hypokinesia is classified into types related to physiological conditions, living circumstances, professional activities, clinical factors, climatic-geographical factors, and those occurring in school children.

Organizational inertia in the context of artificial intelligence regulation in Uzbekistan: an analysis of the paradox of development

Ilyas Murakayev — 2025-12-05

Based on a comparative analysis of data from 188 countries and an examination of the experiences of Estonia and Singapore, the article identifies the mechanism of organizational inertia as a key factor shaping regulatory policy. The study assesses the influence of this phenomenon, which contributes to the rapid global adoption of artificial intelligence despite persisting risks of technological stigmatization. Arguments are presented in favor of leveraging the approaches of leading countries, whose competency-oriented regulatory frameworks have demonstrated proven effectiveness. The article also examines the contradiction between large-scale government investments in the development of artificial intelligence technologies and the simultaneous introduction of potentially restrictive regulatory measures in Uzbekistan.

Mechanisms of Interaction Between Government and Population in Uzbekistan: The Impact of Digital Feedback Platforms

Farrukh Bekmirzaev — 2025-11-25

It was found that in Uzbekistan the development of digital public administration is accompanied by the rapid expansion of feedback channels between public authorities and citizens. It was established that digital feedback platforms (the President’s Virtual Reception Office, the My.gov.uz portal, etc.) have become key tools for registering, classifying and monitoring citizens’ appeals. It was revealed that their division into national, regional and sectoral levels determines the scope and functions of interaction. The impact of such indicators as the share of resolved appeals and the response time on citizens’ engagement in public decision-making was evaluated. The regularities related to digital inequality and the role of trust in e-services are characterized. The proposed author’s model of “digital dialogue” and the system of efficiency indicators can be used to improve public policy in the field of digital interaction with citizens.

Social Priorities of New Uzbekistan: A Course Towards People's Well-being

Gulnoza Sattarova — 2025-11-25

The article analyzes the social benchmarks of the “New Uzbekistan” course in the context of the new edition of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the “Uzbekistan–2030” Strategy. It highlights the constitutional recognition of human rights, freedoms and dignity as the highest value and examines key directions of contemporary social policy: development of a comprehensive social protection system for vulnerable groups, poverty reduction through the promotion of decent work and employment, strengthening of human capital and reform of the civil service. Special attention is paid to state youth policy, the creation of an integrated labor market ecosystem, modernization of the healthcare system and preventive medicine, digitalization of social and medical services, as well as implementation of the gender equality strategy. The authors conclude that Uzbekistan is shaping a modern social state focused on improving quality of life and expanding opportunities for citizens’ self-realization.

The principle of mandatory criminal case initiation and its influence on the effectiveness of crime investigation

Malikabonu Abdullaeva — 2025-11-25

This article examines the principle of mandatory initiation of criminal proceedings as a fundamental tenet of criminal procedure in the Republic of Uzbekistan. It analyzes the principle's normative content, historical development, role in ensuring effective crime investigation, and interaction with other procedural principles, including legality and presumption of innocence. Special attention is given to law enforcement issues: unjustified refusals to initiate cases, delays in verification activities, and statistical motivations of investigative bodies. The article presents crime data for Uzbekistan for 2024 and a comparative legal analysis of foreign systems. It explores the impact of digitalization and prosecutorial oversight on the implementation of this principle. The necessity of improving the procedure for initiating criminal cases is substantiated, taking into account modern reforms in criminal procedure.

Cybercrime involving personal data and electronic payment systems: challenges, threats, and prevention strategies

Bakhtiyor Umarov — 2025-12-05

The rapid development of information and communication technologies has fundamentally transformed modern society, creating new opportunities in the banking sector, public services, and various commercial sectors. However, digital transformation has simultaneously created vulnerabilities that are actively exploited by cybercriminals. This study examines the escalation of global cybercrime trends, with particular emphasis on personal data breaches and electronic payment system fraud. Analysis of international statistics reveals an alarming growth trajectory: in the US, a record number of cybercrimes were recorded in 2024 - 860,000 cases with losses amounting to $16.6 billion. Similar trends are observed in Russia and Uzbekistan, where the level of cybercrime has risen dramatically. In Uzbekistan, cybercrimes have increased nearly 70-fold over three years, accounting for almost half of all registered crimes with damages exceeding 1 trillion soums. The study proposes a comprehensive three-component system for countering cybercrime: technical measures, including data encryption and access control; legal and regulatory reforms that strengthen accountability; and organizational initiatives to establish specialized law enforcement units and interagency data integration systems.

Compensation for non-pecuniary damage caused by copyright infringement

Bakhodir Khamrokulov — 2025-12-05

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of compensation for moral (non-pecuniary) damage caused by copyright infringement, examining the legal, economic, and international dimensions of this institution. The study explores the protection of authors’ moral rights within continental and Anglo-American legal systems, with reference to the Berne Convention, the TRIPS Agreement, and comparative foreign legislation. Particular attention is given to the legal framework, judicial practice, and challenges of proving moral damage in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The article formulates recommendations for improving national legislation and judicial standards. It emphasizes that effective protection of authors’ moral rights is essential for the development of the creative economy and for strengthening trust in the intellectual property system in the digital era.

Export of karakul sheepskins from the Bukhara Emirate to foreign countries in the late 19th and early 20th centuries

Fayzulla Ochildiеv — 2025-12-05

This article examines the export of karakul skins from the Bukhara Emirate in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It documents the strong demand for karakul on Russian and European markets, noting sales at St. Petersburg auctions and at major fairs such as Nizhny Novgorod, Makaryev, and Lyon. The study also outlines the activities of Russian monopolistic firms, bank branches, and joint-stock partnerships that entered the emirate to purchase karakul, and surveys commercial operations conducted within the emirate by firms and trading houses from Germany, France, England and Italy.

The role of the Kangju state in the history of Central Asia

Makhliyo Kayumova — 2025-11-25

The Kang state existed in Central Asia from the 3rd century BC to the 4th century AD, encompassing the Syr Darya basin, the Tashkent oasis, and the upper parts of the Zarafshan valley. Its political and economic life was reflected in its relations with nomadic tribes, China, and the Kushans. Owing to its location along the Great Silk Road, Kang held an important place in international trade and cultural exchange. The development of agriculture, livestock breeding, and crafts strengthened its economic foundation. The Kang state served as a key center of political stability and territorial unification in its time. Over the course of history, it influenced the formation of state structures in Central Asia and is regarded as an important stage in the region’s history. The legacy of this state left a significant mark on the subsequent political and cultural development of the peoples of Central Asia.

Stages in the formation of equality and justice theories

Tumaris Safarova — 2025-11-15

This article analyzes the philosophical and historical development processes of the ideas of justice and equality. The meaning and significance of these categories, their importance in human dignity, morality, and social relations are explored from ancient Greek thinkers to modern theories of society. A comparative analysis of different approaches within Eastern and Western philosophical traditions is conducted. Additionally, the article addresses philosophical issues related to contemporary trends in ensuring justice and equality - human rights, social policy, and sustainable development. The author interprets justice and equality as key factors in national development and spiritual renewal.

The relevance of innovative approaches in the preschool education system

Matlyuba Khadjamuratova — 2025-11-15

The article emphasizes that, during the years of independence, special attention has been paid to the upbringing of the younger generation, including the development of a preschool education system that meets the demands of the times, the upbringing of physically healthy and spiritually mature children, and the provision of effective education. Best practices from foreign countries were studied, national values were taken into account, and a perfect system was created.

Political pluralism and the development of electoral culture among youth

Sharaf Agabaev — 2025-12-05

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of political pluralism in enhancing the political engagement of young people. It substantiates the importance of the electoral institution in a democratic society, particularly its role in the political socialization of the younger generation. The author reveals the ideological and institutional advantages of political pluralism and examines the reforms being implemented in Uzbekistan in this area, along with the opportunities they create for youth. In addition, a comparative analysis is conducted based on global trends and the experience of foreign countries of the factors that hinder young people’s political participation. The article proposes scientifically grounded recommendations aimed at strengthening political inclusion policies for youth.