Digital traces in forensic science: concepts, classifications,  and challenges

Bakhtiyor Khamidov

doi:10.47689/2181-1415-vol6-iss7/S-pp462-478

Bakhtiyor Khamidov Tashkent State University of Law Senior teacher of the department of Criminalistics and Forensics Investigation

DOI

https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol6-iss7/S-pp462-478

Keywords

digital traces , electronic traces , information traces , binary traces , virtual traces , forensic science , cybercrime

Abstract

This article examines the scientific and theoretical foundations of the concept of digital traces. Particular attention is given to a critical analysis of various definitions and classifications proposed by scholars in the United States, Russia, Europe, and the CIS countries. The study argues that the concept of a digital trace should primarily be defined according to its technical characteristics. In this context, the paper compares and evaluates such notions as electronic traces, information traces, binary traces, virtual traces, and digital traces.

The author emphasizes that with the rapid development of digital technologies, traces may arise not only as a result of human activity but also as a consequence of technical or cyber processes. Special attention is devoted to the distinction between active and passive types of digital traces, as well as to their content, form, and technical properties.

The article is based on a combination of theoretical and practical research, drawing upon both scholarly discussions and empirical findings. The conclusions are intended to contribute to the advancement of forensic science by clarifying the essence of digital traces and their role in the administration of justice.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Kriminalistika. Uchebnik. Kollektiv avtorov. [Criminalistics] Т.: ТGYU, 2019, 66 p.

Astanov , I. i Xamidov , B. 2021. Obtsheteoreticheskie voprosi, svyazannie s elektronnimi ili tsifrovimi dokazatelstvami: problema i reshenie. Obtshestvo i innovasii. [General theoretical issues related to electronic or digital evidence: problem and solution] 2, 7/S (avg. 2021), 259–278. DOI:https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol2-iss7/S-pp259-278.

Vexov V.B. "Elektronnaya kriminalistika":chto za etim ponyatiem? [Electronic criminalistics":what is behind this concept?] / V.B. Vexov // Problemi sovremennoy kriminalistiki i osnovnie napravleniya ee razvitiya v XXI veke: materiali Mejdunar. Nauch-prakt. konf. [Problems of modern criminalistics and the main directions of its development in the XXI century: materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference] / pod Red. A.A. Belyakov, D.V. Baxteev, V.V. Biryukov, – Ekaterinburg: Izdatelskiy dom Urgyuu, 2017, pp 77-83.

Shapovalova G.M. Vozmojnost ispolzovaniya informatsionnix sledov v kriminalistike (voprosi teorii i praktiki): Diss. kand. kand. yurid. nauk. – Vladivostok, 2005. – 210 s.

Milashev V.A. Problemi taktiki poiska, fiksatsii i iz’yatiya sledov pri nepravomernom dostupe k kompyuternoy informatsii v setyax EVM: avtoref. dis. kand. yur. nauk. M., 2004. – 208 s.

Kirsanova S.O., Kalinina A.A. Virtualnie sledi: ponyatiye, sushnost, problemi / S.O. Kirsanova, A.A. Kalinina // Voprosi studencheskoy nauki. – 2018. № 3 (19). – S. 14-17. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/virtualnye-sledy-ponyatie-suschnost-problemy (data obrasheniya: 07.11.2019).

Agibalov V.Yu. Virtualnie sledi v kriminalistike i ugolovnom protsesse.-M.: Yurlitinform, 2012.-152 s.

Smushkin A.B. Virtualnie sledi v kriminalistike / A.B. Smushkin // Zakonnost.-2012.-№ 8. - S. 43-48.

Shorin I.Yu., Shatilo Ya.S. Osobennosti sledov kompyuternix prestupleniy / I.Yu. Shorin, Ya.S. Shatilo // Informatika v sudebnoy ekspertize: sb. trudov. Saratov: SYUI MVD Rossii, 2003.-S. 124-127.

Kuzmin I.A. O formirovanii federalnogo ekspertno-kriminalisticheskogo ucheta virtualnix sledov prestupleniy / I.A. Kuzmin // Yevraziyskaya advokatura.-2019.-№1 (38).-S. 86-88 URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/o-formirovanii-federalnogo-ekspertno-kriminalisticheskogo-ucheta-virtualnyh-sledov-prestupleniy (data obrasheniya: 01.12.2019).

Mesheryakov V.A. «Virtualnie sledi» pod «Skalpelem Okkama» / V.A. Mesheryakov // Informatsionnaya bezopasnost regionov.-2009.-№1. – S. 28-33. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/virtualnye-sledy-pod-skalpelem-okkama (data obrasheniya: 01.12.2019).

Cherkasov V.N., Nexoroshev A.B. "Virtualnie sledi" v "kiberneticheskom prostranstve" / V.N. Cherkasov, A.B. Nexoroshev // Sudebnaya ekspertiza: mejvuz. SB. Nauch. st.-VIP. 2.-Saratov: Syui MVD Rossii ["Virtual traces" in the "cybernetic space" / V.N. Cherkasov, A.B. Nekhoroshev // Forensic examination: mezhvuz. sb. scientific. art.-Issue 2.-Saratov: SIU of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia]. 2003, pp. 127-130.

Semikalenova Anastasiya Igorevna (2019). Sifrovie sledi: naznacheniye i proizvodstvo ekspertiz. Vestnik Universiteta imeni O. Ye. Kutafina, (5 (57)), 115-120.

Davidov Vladimir Olegovich, & Tishutina Inna Valeriyevna (2020). Sifrovie sledi v rassledovanii distansionnogo moshennichestva. Izvestiya Tulskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomicheskiye i yuridicheskiye nauki, (3), 20-27. doi: 10.24411/2071-6184-2020-10303

Khamidov B. KH, Kariov B.Z, Topildiyeva D.M General Theoretical Issues of Improving Private Forensic Methods In The Field Of Combat Against Cybercrime. PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2021) 58(1): 2705-2712. ISSN:00333077/ 2021.

V.B. Vexov. «Elektronnaya kriminalistika»: chto za etim ponyatiyem? Problemi sovremennoy kriminalistiki i osnovnie napravleniya yee razvitiya v XXI veke: Materiali Mejdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferensii, posvyashennoy 60-letnemu yubileyu kafedri kriminalistiki Uralskogo gosudarstvennogo yuridicheskogo universiteta (6 oktabrya 2017 goda). – Yekaterinburg: Izdatelskiy dom Uralskogo gosudarstvennogo yuridicheskogo universiteta, 2017. – 81 s. [77-83]

Astanov , I. i Xamidov , B. 2021. Obsheteoreticheskiye voprosi, svyazannie s elektronnimi ili sifrovimi dokazatelstvami: problema i resheniye. Obshestvo i innovatsii. 2, 7/S (avg. 2021), 259–278. DOI:https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol2-iss7/S-pp259-278.

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/virtual

https://www.etymonline.com/word/virtual

20. Vexov V.B. Osnovi kriminalisticheskogo ucheniya ob issledovanii i ispolzovanii kompyuternoy informatsii i sredstv yee obrabotki: monografiya. Volgograd: VA MVD Rossii, 2008. S. 84

Smushkin A.B. Virtualnie sledi v kriminalistike // Zakonnost. 2012. Vip. 8. S. 43-45.

Mesheryakov V.A. Prestupleniya v sfere kompyuternoy informatsii: osnovi teorii i praktiki rassledovaniya // Izdatelstvo Voronejskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2002. S. 94 – 119

Djalalov M. Kovaleva R.: Operatsion tizimlar va kompyuter tarmoqlariga oid atamalarning ruscha-o‘zbekcha izohli lug‘ati. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Axborot texnologiyalari va kommunikatsiyalarini rivojlantirish vazirligi. T.: 2018. 98-bet.

Zayseva S.A., & Smirnov V.A. (2021). AKSIOLOGICHЕSKIY PODXOD K PONYATIYU SIFROVOGO SLЕDA. Noosfernie issledovaniya, (3), 79-87.

Malixina N.I. Kriminalisticheskoye izucheniye litsa, sovershivshego prestupleniye: teoretiko-prikladnie problemi / pod red. A.F. Volinskogo / N.I. Malixina. – Moskva : Yurlitinform, 2016. – 312 s.

.Metenko, M.Metenkova. Digital trace and their attributes evaluate for criminalistics. Науковий вісник Дніпропетровського державного університету внутрішніх справ. 2020. № 2 218 с.

Giardin, Fabien; Calabrese, Francesco Fiore, Filippo Dal; Ratti, Carlo; Blat, Josep. Digital Footprinting: Uncovering Tourists with User-Generated Content (англ.) // IEEE Pervasive Computing : journal. – 2008. – Vol. 7, no. 4. – P. 36– 43. – doi:10.1109/MPRV.2008.71.

https://cbu.uz/uz/payment-systems/remote-banking-services/

South of Korea becomes a global centre for digital sex crimes

Утепов, Д. и Каримов , Б. 2022. Проблемные вопросы противодействия торговли людьми в социальных сетях в Республике Казахстан. Общество и инновации. 3, 9/S (окт. 2022), 16–23. DOI:https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol3-iss9/S-pp16-23.

Абулхайров, Р. (2022). Портлашдан кейин ҳодиса жойини кўздан кечиришда дастлабки тайёргарлик босқичининг криминалистик жиҳатлари: кўздан кечиришда иштирок этувчи тезкор гуруҳнинг таркиби ва уларнинг вазифалари. Eurasian Journal of Law, Finance and Applied Sciences, 2(12), 188-194.

Топилдиева, Д. 2022. Проблемы расследования киберпреступлений. Общество и инновации. 2, 11/S (янв. 2022), 292–296. DOI:https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol2-iss11/S-pp292-296.

Абдуллаев Рустам (2020). Правовые вопросы сбора и использования цифровых доказательств в уголовном судопроизводстве. Review of law sciences, 3 (Спецвыпуск), 240-244. doi: 10.24412/2181-919X-2020-3-240-244.

Azim Baratov. (2022). INVESTIGATORY VERSIONS AND PLANNING FOR INVESTIGATION OF CRIMES RELATED TO ROBBERY AND PILLAGE COMMITTED IN A HOUSING. The American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations, 4(11), 68–76. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/Volume04Issue11-13

Akhmedova, G. (2022). ISSUES OF LEGAL REGULATION OF SEARCH ACTIVITY: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE. The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology, 4(11), 24-29.

Downloads

36 21

Published

2025-07-25

How to Cite

Khamidov, B. (2025). Digital traces in forensic science: concepts, classifications, and challenges . Society and Innovation, 6(7/S), 462–478. https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol6-iss7/S-pp462-478