Euphemisms in world linguistics: issues of interpretation and classification

Nodirkhon Sharafutdinov

doi:10.47689/2181-3701-vol3-iss10/S-pp26-37

Nodirkhon Sharafutdinov Head of the Department of World Languages, Kokand University

DOI

https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3701-vol3-iss10/S-pp26-37

Keywords

euphemisms , linguistic classification , pragmatics , cross-cultural analysis , taboo language , communicative strategies

Abstract

Evfemizmlar tilning ajralmas leksik-semantik birliklari sifatida kommunikativ va madaniy me'yorlarning ko'rsatkichlari sifatida hal qiluvchi rol o'ynaydi. Ushbu tadqiqot global lingvistik mazmundagi evfemizmlarni izohlash va tasniflash muammosini o'rganadi. Tadqiqot evfemistik iboralarning semantik, pragmatik va ijtimoiy-madaniy o'lchovlarini hisobga oladigan yagona, tillararo asosga bo'lgan ehtiyojdan kelib chiqadi. Asosiy maqsad an'anaviy, ko'pincha bo'laklangan tipologiyalardan tashqariga chiqadigan multifaktorial tasniflash modelini taklif qilishdir. Metodika turli tillar, jumladan, ingliz, rus va o‘zbek tillaridagi mavjud lingvistik adabiyotlar va amaliy tadqiqotlarni tizimli sifat jihatidan tahlil qilishga asoslanadi. Tahlilda asosiy e’tibor evfemizm shakllanishining funksional, mavzuli va strukturaviy mexanizmlariga qaratilgan. Natijalar evfemizmlarni to'rtta asosiy o'q bo'yicha toifalarga ajratadigan yangi, yaxlit tasniflash tizimi bilan yakunlanadi: 1) Funksional-pragmatik (tabudan qochish, xushmuomalalik, yashirish, manipulyatsiya); 2) Tematik (o'lim, tana funktsiyalari, ijtimoiy munosabatlar, siyosat, kasb); 3) Strukturaviy-semantik (metafora, metonimiya, aylanma, qarz olish, qisqartma); va 4) Konventsiyalash darajasi (barqaror va ad-hoc). Bu model evfemizmlarning shunchaki o‘rnini bosuvchi leksemalar emas, balki madaniyatning aksiologik tizimiga chuqur singib ketgan, uning axloqiy kodekslari, axloqiy qoidalari va milliy qadriyatlarini aks ettiruvchi murakkab belgilar ekanligini ko‘rsatadi. Muhokama shuni ko'rsatadiki, bu yaxlit yondashuv bir vaqtning o'zida evfemizmlarning motivatsiyasi, shakli va funktsiyasini ko'rib chiqish orqali oldingi tasniflarning cheklovlarini ko'rib chiqadi va shu bilan qiyosiy va madaniyatlararo lingvistik tahlil uchun yanada mustahkam vositani taklif qiladi. Tadqiqot shuni ko'rsatadiki, evfemizmlarning talqini tabiatan ularning tasnifi bilan bog'liq va kommunikativ jarayonlarni ijtimoiy-madaniy kontekstda tartibga solishda ularning rolini tushunish uchun ko'p o'lchovli asos zarur.

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Published

2025-11-25

How to Cite

Sharafutdinov, N. 2025. Euphemisms in world linguistics: issues of interpretation and classification. Foreign Linguistics and Lingvodidactics. 3, 10/S (Nov. 2025), 26–37. DOI:https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3701-vol3-iss10/S-pp26-37.