DOI
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3663-vol4-iss3-pp276-286Ключевые слова
школьная пищевая среда , дети , неинфекционные заболевания , факторы риска , питание , общественное здоровьеАннотация
В статье представлен обзор современных исследований, посвящённых влиянию школьной пищевой среды на формирование факторов риска у детей и подростков. Проанализированы данные международных и национальных публикаций за 2020–2025 гг., в том числе результаты локальных исследований, проведённых в школах города Самарканда и Джамбайского района Самаркандской области. Рассмотрены ключевые компоненты школьной среды: организация питания, ассортимент и качество продуктов, маркетинговое воздействие, инфраструктура для физической активности и доступ к питьевой воде. Показано, что сбалансированная школьная пищевая политика способна снижать распространённость факторов риска неинфекционных заболеваний у детей, включая избыточную массу тела, гиподинамию и нерациональное питание. Особое внимание уделено успешным международным программам, направленным на формирование здоровых пищевых привычек и профилактику ожирения у детей. Представлены предложения по совершенствованию школьной инфраструктуры и питательной среды в контексте общественного здоровья.
Библиографические ссылки
World Health Organization. Noncommunicable diseases: childhood determinants of adult health. Geneva: WHO; 2023.
Story M, Kaphingst KM, Robinson-O’Brien R, Glanz K. Creating healthy food and eating environments: policy and environmental approaches. Annu Rev Public Health. 2008;29:253–272.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). School food environment and nutrition standards: global evidence review. Rome: FAO; 2024.
Swinburn BA, Egger G, Raza F. Dissecting obesogenic environments: the development and application of a framework for identifying and prioritizing environmental interventions for obesity. Prev Med. 1999;29(6):563–570.
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). National School Lunch Program: Fact Sheet. Washington, DC; 2023.
Department of Health UK. Healthy Schools Programme: evaluation report. London; 2022.
Ministério da Educação do Brasil. Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE): resultados e impacto. Brasília; 2021.
Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009;6(7):e1000097.
Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, et al. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ. 2008;336(7650):924–926.
World Health Organization. School health services: global standards and guidelines. Geneva: WHO; 2022.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. School food environment and nutrition standards: global evidence review. Rome: FAO; 2024.
Durão C, et al. Impact of school nutrition standards on dietary habits: a meta-analysis. Nutr Rev. 2024;82(3):332–347.
USDA. Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act: evaluation summary. Washington, DC; 2023.
Department of Health UK. Healthy Schools Programme: evaluation report. London; 2022.
Ministério da Educação do Brasil. Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE): resultados e impacto. Brasília; 2021.
Timperio A, et al. Food environments and obesity in school-aged children: a systematic review. Obes Rev. 2023;24(1):e13520.
Pineda E, et al. School food environment interventions and child obesity: a global evidence review. BMJ Nutr Prev Health. 2024;7:e000663.
World Health Organization. Implementing school nutrition policies: a global status report. Geneva: WHO; 2023.
FAO. Water and healthy nutrition in schools: policy brief. Rome; 2023.
Cairns G, Angus K, Hastings G. The extent, nature and effects of food promotion to children. Geneva: WHO; 2022.
Swinburn B, et al. Commercial determinants of childhood obesity: a review. Lancet Public Health. 2022;7(5):e412–e423.
World Health Organization. Set of recommendations on the marketing of foods and non-alcoholic beverages to children. Geneva; 2023.
Lobstein T, et al. Restrictions on marketing of unhealthy foods to children: global progress report. Public Health Nutr. 2024;27(3):547–558.
Birch LL, Ventura AK. Influence of peers and parents on children’s eating behavior. Physiol Behav. 2021;177:161–168.
FAO. Integrating parents in school nutrition programs. Rome; 2022.
Singh AS, et al. Effects of school-based interventions on behavioral risk factors for NCDs. BMC Public Health. 2017;17(1):4201.
World Health Organization. Global recommendations on physical activity for health. Geneva: WHO; 2023.
Ministry of Education, Japan. Shokuiku policy and school health promotion. Tokyo; 2021.
Australian Government. Crunch&Sip evaluation report. Canberra; 2022.
Langford R, et al. The WHO Health Promoting Schools framework for improving the health and well-being of students and staff. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;3(3):CD008958.
Reicks M, et al. School-based nutrition and physical activity programs: evidence and future directions. Nutrients. 2023;15(4):912.
Poti JM, et al. The association between school meals and student health and academic outcomes. Public Health Nutr. 2022;25(11):3201–3212.
Engler-Stringer R, et al. Convenience stores and their influence on the food environment near schools: a systematic review. Nutrients. 2022;14(2):389.
Swinburn BA, Kraak VI, Allender S. Socioeconomic determinants of childhood obesity. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2022;6(5):323–335.
Popkin BM, et al. Urban–rural disparities in nutrition and health. Annu Rev Nutr. 2021;41:1–23.
World Health Organization. Making every school a health-promoting school: global standards and indicators. Geneva: WHO; 2022.
FAO. Multicomponent interventions in school nutrition: global outcomes. Rome; 2024.
Contento IR. Nutrition education: linking theory, research, and practice. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2021;30(2):230–239.
UNICEF. Family engagement in school health programs: best practices review. New York; 2023.
Загрузки
7 7Опубликован
Как цитировать
Выпуск
Раздел
Лицензия
Copyright (c) 2025 Нилуфар Ахмедова, Садокат Валиева
Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution» («Атрибуция») 4.0 Всемирная.
