Age-specific clinical symptoms of neprotic syndrome in children

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) in children is a disease caused by impaired glomerular filtration function of the kidneys, which causes major clinical signs such as protein loss, edema, hyperlipidemia, and hypoproteinemia. This pathology is widespread among children, and depending on age, the manifestation of clinical signs, its severity and prognosis differ. Age-specific characteristics of nephrotic syndrome vary depending on the age of children, sexual characteristics, development of the immune system and changes in the structure of the kidneys.

The study of age-specific clinical signs is relevant because it shapes the characteristics of the disease and the approach to treatment. For example, in newborns, nephrotic syndrome often does not begin with obvious symptoms, mainly signs of severe edema and proteinuria are observed. In adolescence, this disease may be more associated with autoimmune processes or infectious diseases.

At the same time, the urgency of the NS problem is determined by the fact that it can be based on various nephropathies, requiring a differential approach to the treatment of such patients. In addition, the risk of NS is not limited to the possibility of progression of nephropathy to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) but is also associated with massive protein loss. As a result, the prognosis of NS is almost 100% determined by the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of immunosuppressive therapy, and mortality in NS was very high before the use of glucocorticoids (GCS).