Рост распространенности аллергических заболеваний у детей: факторы риска и меры профилактики

Мухиба Атаева

doi:10.47689/2181-3663-vol4-iss1-pp78-85

Mukhiba Ataeva Senior Lecturer, Samarkand State Medical University Samarkand, Uzbekistan

DOI

https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3663-vol4-iss1-pp78-85

Keywords

allergy , children , risk factors , atopic dermatitis , bronchial asthma , food allergy , prevention

Abstract

Relevance. In recent years, there has been a steady increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases in children, which poses a serious medical and social problem. Atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, and food allergies are increasingly being diagnosed at an early age, reducing children's quality of life and increasing the burden on the healthcare system. Objective of the research is to examine the main risk factors influencing the development of allergic diseases in children and assess the effectiveness of preventive measures. Materials and methods. The study was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted in outpatient settings and the allergy department of the Samarkand region. The study included 68 children (aged 1 to 14 years), of whom 35 had clinically confirmed allergic diseases and 33 were healthy (control group). The analysis included collecting medical history, clinical examination, allergy tests, determining the level of total IgE, as well as assessing adherence to preventive recommendations. Chi-square and Student's t-test methods were used (p < 0.05). Results. Significant differences were found between the groups for several risk factors: hereditary predisposition, early artificial feeding, presence of pets, and smoking in the family. The average IgE level in the main group was significantly higher (288 ± 74 IU/ml versus 64 ± 21 IU/ml, p<0.001). Positive skin tests were observed in 85.7% of children with allergies. Only 48.6% of families followed the full range of preventive measures. Conclusion. Allergic diseases in children develop under the influence of multiple factors, with heredity and unfavorable environmental conditions being of primary importance. Early diagnosis, comprehensive prevention, and parental education play a key role in reducing the risk and preventing the chronicity of allergic diseases.

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Published

2025-07-15

How to Cite

Ataeva, M. 2025. Increasing prevalence of allergic diseases in children: risk factors and preventive measures. Preventive Medicine and Health. 4, 1 (Jul. 2025), 78–85. DOI:https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3663-vol4-iss1-pp78-85.