DOI
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3663-vol4-iss2-pp63-73Keywords
endocrine system , hormones , hypothyroidism , thyroid gland , diagnostics , symptomsAbstract
This article elucidates the scientific-theoretical and practical aspects of subjective and objective examination methods employed in the diagnosis and assessment of endocrine system diseases. Subjective examination involves analyzing the patient's complaints, medical history data (anamnesis), disease symptoms, and their progression. Objective examination is conducted through external inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation, and instrumental-diagnostic methods. The article particularly emphasizes clinical indicators, laboratory tests, and imaging techniques used to identify pathologies of major endocrine glands, including the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pituitary gland, and pancreas.
References
Dedov I.I. Эндокринология. Москва: Медицина, 2000. ISBN: 978 5 225 04398 4
А.С. Аметов (ред.). Эндокринология. Национальное руководство. Москва: ГЭОТАР Медиа, 2019. ISBN: 978 5 9704 5083 3
Manasova I. S. Feature of Endocrine Diseases. Bukhara Medical Institute, Senior Lecturer, Uzbekistan. Middle European Scientific Bulletin, 2021.
Mokrysheva N.G., Eremkina A.K., Elfimova A.R. et al. The Russian registry of primary hyperparathyroidism, latest update. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2023.
Demicheva T.P. Comparative epidemiological characteristics of diseases of the endocrine system and their outcomes over the pre COVID 19 and COVID 19 periods. Health Care of the Russian Federation, 2024.
Shomurodov Muhammad Abdusaid o‘g‘li, Nakhalboyev Alisher Aliboyevich. Endocrine Glands and Their Function. Лучшие интеллектуальные исследования, № 1 (2025), 159–172.
Kruglova O.S., Demko I.V., Sobko E.A. et al. Effects of SARS CoV 2 on the endocrine system. Vrach, 2023.
Dons, Robert F., va Frank H. Wians, Jr. Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders: Clinical Lab Testing Manual. 4th ed. CRC Press, 2010.
Hall, Janet E., va Lynnette K. Nieman, eds. Handbook of Diagnostic Endocrinology. Humana Press / Springer, 2003.
Bar, Robert S., ed. Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Endocrine Disorders. Humana / Springer, 2003.
Walker, H.K., Hall, W.D., Hurst, J.W., eds. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Butterworths, Boston, 1990.
Nussey, Stephen, va Saffron Whitehead. Endocrinology: An Integrated Approach. BIOS Scientific Publishers, Oxford, 2001.
Melmed, Shlomo; Kenneth S. Polonsky; P. Reed Larsen; Henry M. Kronenberg, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology.
Crafa, Andrea; Rosita A. Condorelli; Rossella Cannarella; Antonio Aversa; Aldo E. Calogero; Sandro La Vignera. “Physical Examination for Endocrine Diseases: Does It Still Play a Role?” Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 9 (2022): 2598. PMC/NCBI.
Yu, Hyeon; Charles T. Burke; Clayton W. Commander, eds. Diagnosis and Management of Endocrine Disorders in Interventional Radiology. Springer, 2022.
Downloads
42 9Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Мамлакатхон Юсупова

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.











