DOI
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol2-iss7/S-pp113-137Keywords
VAT , C-efficiency , final consumption , tax rate , policy gap , compliance gapAbstract
The article provides an overview of the theoretical literature on assessing the effectiveness of the VAT mechanism and ways to improve it. Also, on the basis of existing methodologies, the level of effectiveness of the VAT mechanism in Uzbekistan and the factors affecting it are studied.
The fiscal potential of the VAT mechanism was assessed using the C-efficiency indicator. This indicator is based on an estimate of the difference between actual VAT revenue and the amount of VAT that could be collected based on an ideal tax mechanism that would tax all final consumption expenditure in the economy at a single rate. According to the analysis, the VAT mechanism in Uzbekistan is found to be half as effective as its ideal potential.
It was noted that the low efficiency of the VAT mechanism is mainly due to two factors: policy gap (the availability of various incentives and preferences) and compliance gap (a low level of timely and full compliance with tax obligations).
Downloads
References
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 2020. Tax and Fiscal Policy in Response to the Coronavirus Crisis: Strengthening Confidence and Resilience. Retrived from: https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/view/?ref=128_128575-o6raktc0aa&title=Tax-and-Fiscal-Policy-in-Response-to-the-Coronavirus-Crisis.
Abel, A., Bernanke, B., and Croushore, D., 2017. Macroeconomics 9th Edition. Pearson Education Li mited, Edinburgh Gate, Harlow, England.
Easterly, W., Rebelo, S., 1993. Fiscal policy and economic growth. Journal of Monetary Economics, 32(3), 417–458.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD, 2020. Consumption Tax Trends 2020: AT/GST and Excise Rates, Trends and Policy Issues. OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/152def2d-en.
Keen, M., Lockwood, B., 2006. Is the VAT a Money Machine? National Tax Journal, Vol. 59(4) 905-928.
Ebrill, L., Keen, M., Bodin, J., Summers, V., 2001. The Modern VAT, Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund. ISBN 1-58906-026-1.
Cnossen, S., 1998. Global Trends and Issues in Value Added Taxation. International Tax and Public Finance 5(1), 399–428.
McLure, C., 1990. Income Distribution and Tax Incidence under the VAT. Washington, DC: World Bank.
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2021. VAT/GST. Paris: OECD. https://www.imf.org/external/np/fad/tpaf/pages/vat.htm.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 2008. Consumption Tax Trends 2008: VAT/GST and Excise Rates, Trends and Administration Issues. https://doi.org/10.1787/ctt-2008-en, 2008.
Keen, M., 2013. The Anatomy of the VAT. International Monetary Fund: Working Paper WP/13/111.
Cevik, S., Gottschalk, J., Hutton, E., Jaramillo, L., Karnane, P., Sow, M., 2019. Structural Transformation and Tax Efficiency. IMF Working Paper WP/19/30.
Ueda, J., 2017. The Evolution of Potential VAT Revenues and C-Efficiency in Advanced Economies. International Monetary Fund, Working Paper WP/17/158.
Crawford, I., Keen, M., Smith, S., 2010. Value Added Tax and Excises. The Mirrless Review, Dimensions of Tax Design, 275-422.
Ўзбекистон Республикаси қонуни, “Корхоналар, бирлашмалар ва ташкилотлардан олинадиган солиқлар тўғрисида”ги № 226-XII сонли қонун, 15.02.1991. https://lex.uz/docs/136508.
Ўзбекистон Республикаси Президентининг “Солиқ ва божхона имтиёзлари берилишини янада тартибга солиш чора-тадбирлари тўғрисида”ги ПҚ-5755-сонли қарори. 27.06.2019. https://lex.uz/docs/4396717.
Reckon., 2009. Study to quantify and analyse the VAT GAP in the EU-25 member states. Directorate General Taxation and Customs Union, European Commission, Taxation Studies.
Hutton, E., 2017. The Revenue Administration—Gap Analysis Program: Model and Methodology for Value-Added Tax Gap Estimation. IMF Technical Notes and Manuals 17/04.
Ўзбекистон Республикаси Вазирлар Маҳкамасининг “Ўзбекистон Республикаси ҳукуматининг айрим қарорларини ўз кучини йўқотган деб ҳисоблаш тўғрисида”ги 945-сон қарори, 22.11.2018 йй. https://lex.uz/docs/-4072953
Ўзбекистон Республикаси Президентининг “2017 — 2021 йилларда Ўзбекистон Республикасини ривожлантиришнинг бешта устувор йўналиши бўйича Ҳаракатлар стратегиясининг “Фаол тадбиркорлик, инновацион ғоялар ва технологияларни қўллаб-қувватлаш йили”да амалга оширишга оид давлат дастури тўғрисида”ги ПФ-5953-сонли фармони, 02.03.2020 йй. https://lex.uz/docs/4751561.
Downloads
279 202Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Азизжон Рахмонов , Умидбек Сафаров

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.











