Шизофрения как приоритетная научная тема профилактической медицины: современные взгляды и перспективные направления. Обзор литературы

Неъматжон Мамасалиев; Шавкат Исламов

doi:10.47689/2181-3663-vol4-iss2-pp43-52

Nematjon Mamasaliev Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Andijan State Medical Institute
Shavkat Islamov PhD, Associate Professor, Andijan State Medical Institute

DOI

https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3663-vol4-iss2-pp43-52

Keywords

schizophrenia , preventive medicine , epidemiology , pathogenesis , risk factors , immune hypothesis , psychiatry

Abstract

This article examines schizophrenia as one of the priority scientific topics in preventive medicine. Analysis of literature from recent decades shows that, despite the century-long history of studying the disease, significant discrepancies in diagnostic approaches still persist, complicating the development of a unified concept. Modern studies confirm the role of hereditary predisposition, nervous system disorders, and exogenous factors (perinatal influences, psychoactive substances) in the development of the disease. Particular attention is paid to the study of positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms, their combinations, and their relationship with the bipolar spectrum of disorders.

The review details new hypotheses about the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, including immunological, neurodevelopmental, autoimmune, inflammatory, and cytokine hypotheses, emphasizing the interdisciplinary nature of the problem. Epidemiological data indicate a stable prevalence of the disease (0.3-0.7% of the world's population), gender and age differences, as well as high risks of disability and suicide. An increase in incidence is observed in countries with low levels of socio-economic development, which underscores the importance of early prevention and prospective monitoring.

The authors conclude that the accumulated clinical-epidemiological and fundamental research forms a scientifically based foundation for the implementation of preventive medicine in psychiatry. In this context, schizophrenia is considered a priority topic for developing new approaches to diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention, especially in regions with high risk and insufficient study of the problem.

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Published

2025-08-20

Schizophrenia as a Priority Research Topic in Preventive Medicine: Contemporary Perspectives and Promising Directions. A Literature Review

How to Cite

Mamasaliev, N. and Islamov, S. 2025. Schizophrenia as a Priority Research Topic in Preventive Medicine: Contemporary Perspectives and Promising Directions. A Literature Review. Preventive Medicine and Health. 4, 2 (Aug. 2025), 43–52. DOI:https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3663-vol4-iss2-pp43-52.