Роль менопаузы в развитии аутоиммунного тиреоидита (болезнь Хашимото): обзор современных научных данных

Нилуфар Турганбаева; Дилафрузхон Максудова; Диёра Мухаммедаминова

doi:10.47689/2181-3663-vol4-iss5-pp6-11

Nilufar Turganbaeva Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute
Dilafruzkhon Maksudova Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute
Diyora Mukhammedaminova Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute

DOI

https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3663-vol4-iss5-pp6-11

Keywords

autoimmune thyroiditis , Hashimoto's disease , menopause , estrogens , perimenopause , immune dysregulation , subclinical hypothyroidism , screening

Abstract

Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), or Hashimoto’s disease, is the most common form of autoimmune thyroid disorder leading to hypothyroidism. Menopause—a period of profound hormonal reorganisation—is associated with an increased risk of developing and progressing AIT in women. In peri- and postmenopausal periods, the risk of AIT manifestation rises roughly two- to fourfold, primarily due to shifts in immune balance: reduced regulatory T-cell numbers and enhanced autoantigen presentation against the background of declining estrogen and progesterone. Clinically, this may present as worsening climacteric symptoms, accelerated metabolic disturbance, and heightened cardiovascular risk. This review examines the interactions between sex steroids and the immune system, summarises relevant epidemiological evidence, outlines principal clinical features, and discusses practical screening recommendations. The paper concludes by calling for further prospective research to clarify causal pathways and to delineate optimal screening and management strategies in peri- and postmenopausal populations.

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Published

2025-11-20

The Role of Menopause in the Development of Autoimmune Thyroiditis (Hashimoto's Disease): A Review of Current Scientific Evidence

How to Cite

Turganbaeva, N., Maksudova, D. and Mukhammedaminova, D. 2025. The Role of Menopause in the Development of Autoimmune Thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s Disease): A Review of Current Scientific Evidence. Preventive Medicine and Health. 4, 5 (Nov. 2025), 6–11. DOI:https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3663-vol4-iss5-pp6-11.